CHAPTER NO. 05
Primary activity
Class 12 Geography Book -01
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Very Short Answer
type questions. (important
Questions)
Q1. What do you mean by primary activity?
Ans. The human
activities related to extraction of raw materials from natural resources such
as agriculture, fishing, mining, Hunting etc.
Q2. What is floriculture?
Ans. Agriculture of flower is known as
floriculture.
Q3. Define co-operative farming.
Ans. A group of farmer form co-operative societies
by pooling their resources voluntarily for more efficient & profitable
farming.
Q4. What do you understand by economic activity?
Ans. Human
activities which generate income are known as economic activities.
1.
Primary,
2. Secondary,
3.
Tertiary,
4.
Quaternary activity.
Q5. Distinguish between sovkehoz and kolkhoz.
Ans. Sovekhoz &
kolkhoz is a type of collective farming.
1.
Kolkhoz-In Russia collective farming is known as kolkhoz.
2.
Sovekhoz-In Iran collective farming is known as sovekhoz.
Q6. What are ranches?
Ans. A large firm
especially in North America or Australia, where cattle or other animals are
bread.
Q7. Name
the main crop grown in temperate grassland?
Ans.Wheat.
Q8. What is food gathering? Where the hunting and gathering found in
the world?
Ans. Gathering
refers to the collection of valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees
& medicinal plants.
Regions: 1.Highlatitude zones- Northern Canada and Northern
Eurasia, Southern Chile.
2. Low latitude zones- Amazon basin, Tropical
Africa and Australia.
Q9. Which is the oldest economy known?
Ans.
Gathering& hunting.
Q10. Name the part of the chewing gum after the flavour is gone?
Ans. Chicle – it is
made from the milky juice is of zapota tree.
Q11. What are the three important regions pastoral nomadism is associated
with?
Ans.1.The core
region extends from Atlantic shores of North Africa into Mongolia & central
china.
2.
Tundra region of Eurasia.
3.
Islands of Madagascar.
Q12. Name the various parts of plant from which the gatherer collect
valuable things?
Ans. The bark is used for quinine, tannin
extract & cork – leaves supply materials for beverages ,drugs cosmetics , fibers
,thatch and fabrics ; nuts for food & oils & tree trunk yield rubber
balata ,gums & resins .
Q13. What is the reason behind many species becoming extinct or
endangered?
Ans. Due to illegal
hunting [pouching].
Q14. What is the suitable conditions for gathering?
Ans. It is practiced in regions with harsh
climatic conditions.
It
is often involves primitive societies, who extract both plants and animals to
satisfy their needs for food, shelter & clothing.
Q15. Write about the capital investment & technology required for
gathering?
Ans. Gathering
activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low
level of technology. The yield per person is very low & little or no
surplus is produced.
Q16. Name the rearing in northern regions of Alaska
Ans.
Reindeer
rearing in northern regions of Alaska where most of the Eskimos own about 1/3
of the stock.
Q17. Define Slash and burn agriculture? Or Write another name of shifting
agriculture.
Ans.
The vegetation is usually cleared by fire and ashes add to the fertility of the
soil .Shifting cultivation is also known as slash and burn agriculture. It is Primitive
subsistence.
Q18. Write the different names of slash and burn agriculture in tropical
regions.
Ans. Jhuming-
north- eastern states of India,
Milpa-Central America
& Mexico,
Ladang- Indonesia &
Malaysia.
Q19. Mention some examples of plantation crops & also places of
plantation agriculture?
Ans. Plantation
crops – tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, oil palm, sugarcane,bananas&
pineapples
Places –
cocoa & coffee plantation in West Africa, Brazil
Tea gardens in India & Sri Lanka.
Rubber plantation in Malaysia & sugarcane & banana
plantations in West Indies
Coconut
& sugarcane plantation in
Philippines.
Q20. Name the places where mixed farming is found?
Ans. North –Western
Europe, Eastern North America, parts of Eurasia & and the temperate
latitudes of Southern continents.
Q21. Name the sources that provide the main income along with crops?
Ans. Animals like
sheep, pigs & poultry.
Q22. Which crops associated with mixed farms?
Ans. Wheat, barley,
oats, rye, maize fodder & roots crops.
Q23. Name two processes which play an important role in maintaining soil fertility?
Ans. Crop rotation
& inter cropping.
Q24. What are the ways through which the duration of storage of various
dairy products?
Ans. The
development of transportation, refrigeration, pasteurization and other
preservation processes.
Q25. Define viticulture?
Ans. The cultivation
of grapes is called viticulture.
Q26. Mention one advantage of Mediterranean culture.
Ans. More valuable
crops such as fruits and vegetables are grown in winters when there is great
demand in European & Northern American markets. It is also known as Grapes
crop.
Q27. For which high value crops horticulture is specialized?
Ans. Vegetables,
fruits & flowers.
Q28. What is truck farming?
Ans. The regions
where farmers specialize in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck
farming.
Q29. Mention the places where co-operative movement has been successful?
Ans.
European
countries like Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Italy etc.
Q30.What is Kolkhoz?
Ans. Kolkhoz was
introduced in erstwhile Soviet Union to improve upon the inefficiency of the previous
methods of agriculture & to boost agricultural production for
self-sufficiency.
Q31. Mention the countries where commercial livestock rearing is
practised?
Ans. New Zealand, Australia,
Argentina, Uruguay and United States of America are important countries where
commercial livestock rearing is practised.
Q32. How many types of Agriculture?
Ans.1. Subsistence agriculture,
2. Plantation
agriculture,
3. Extensive
commercial agriculture,
4. Mixed farming,
5. Dairy farming.
Q33. In which
country the agriculture of Tulip flower done?
Ans. Netherlands.
Q34. Name the
major areas of Extensive commercial grain agriculture?
Ans. 1. Steppes [Eurasia],
2. Prairies [North America],
3. Pampas [Argentina],
4. Welds [South Africa],
5. Downs [Australia],
6. Canterbury [New Zealand].
Q35. What
is dairy farming? Describe major areas of commerce dairy farming?
Ans. Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term
production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be
called a dairy) for
eventual sale of a dairy product.
North – West Europe, Canada, New Zealand, South East and Australia.
Q36. How many
types of subsistence agriculture?
Ans. 1. Primitive subsistence
agriculture,
2. Intensive
subsistence agriculture.
Q37. How many
types of Intensive subsistence agriculture?
Ans. 1. Intensive agriculture with
paddy cultivation.
2. Intensive agriculture other than paddy.
Q38. How many
types of pastoralism?
Ans. 1. Nomadic herding.
2. Commercial livestock rearing.
Q39. Name the
major areas of Mediterranean agriculture?
Ans. Southern California, Around of
Mediterranean Sea, Central Chile, South - Western part of Africa and Australia.
Q40. What is the
name of plantation of coffee in Brazil?
Ans. Fazenda.
Q41. How many
types of methods of Mining?
Ans.1. Surface [Open cast]
2. Underground mining [Shaft method].
Q42. Name the pastures which migrate from plains to High altitude in India
(Himalaya range)?
Ans.
Gujjars,
Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas.
Q43. What do you mean by Transhumance?
Ans. The process of
migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during summers and again
from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as Transhumance.
Q44. Market gardening is practised near urban areas. Why?
Ans.
Take
less time to transfer to consumer, their more demand in urban areas.
Q45. What are the characteristics of Plantation agriculture?
Ans. The
characteristic features of this type of farming are large estates or
plantations, large capital investment, managerial and technical support,
scientific methods of cultivation.
Q45. What are the characteristics of Dairy farming?
Ans. It is highly
capital intensive. Animal sheds, storage facilities for fodder, feeding and
milking machines add to the cost of dairy farming. Dairy is the most advanced
and efficient type of rearing of milch animals.
Q46. What are the characteristics of Intensive subsistence agriculture?
Ans. 1. Land
holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Farmers work
with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land.
2.
The yield per unit area is high but per labour productivity is low.
3.
Crops: Rice, Wheat, Mustard, Jaw.
Q47. What are the types of farming according to farming organization?
Ans.
1.Co-operative
farming,
2. Collective farming.
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