5. Primary activity

CHAPTER NO. 05

Primary activity

Class 12 Geography Book -01

Fundamentals of Human Geography

Very Short Answer type questions. (important Questions)

Q1. What do you mean by primary activity?
Ans. The human activities related to extraction of raw materials from natural resources such as agriculture, fishing, mining, Hunting etc.

Q2. What is floriculture?
Ans. Agriculture of flower is known as floriculture.

Q3. Define co-operative farming.
Ans. A group of farmer form co-operative societies by pooling their resources voluntarily for more efficient & profitable farming.

Q4. What do you understand by economic activity?
Ans. Human activities which generate income are known as economic activities.
1. Primary,
2. Secondary,
3. Tertiary,
4. Quaternary activity.

Q5. Distinguish between sovkehoz and kolkhoz.
Ans. Sovekhoz & kolkhoz is a type of collective farming.
1. Kolkhoz-In Russia collective farming is known as kolkhoz.
2. Sovekhoz-In Iran collective farming is known as sovekhoz.

Q6. What are ranches?
Ans. A large firm especially in North America or Australia, where cattle or other animals are bread.

Q7. Name the main crop grown in temperate grassland?
Ans.Wheat.

Q8. What is food gathering? Where the hunting and gathering found in the world?
Ans. Gathering refers to the collection of valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees & medicinal plants.
Regions: 1.Highlatitude zones- Northern Canada and Northern Eurasia, Southern Chile.
2. Low latitude zones- Amazon basin, Tropical Africa and Australia.

Q9. Which is the oldest economy known?
Ans. Gathering& hunting.

Q10. Name the part of the chewing gum after the flavour is gone?
Ans. Chicle – it is made from the milky juice is of zapota tree.

Q11. What are the three important regions pastoral nomadism is associated with?
Ans.1.The core region extends from Atlantic shores of North Africa into Mongolia & central china.
2. Tundra region of Eurasia.
3. Islands of Madagascar.

Q12. Name the various parts of plant from which the gatherer collect valuable things?
Ans. The bark is used for quinine, tannin extract & cork – leaves supply materials for beverages ,drugs cosmetics , fibers ,thatch and fabrics ; nuts for food & oils & tree trunk yield rubber balata ,gums & resins .

Q13. What is the reason behind many species becoming extinct or endangered?
Ans. Due to illegal hunting [pouching].

Q14. What is the suitable conditions for gathering?
Ans. It is practiced in regions with harsh climatic conditions.
It is often involves primitive societies, who extract both plants and animals to satisfy their needs for food, shelter & clothing.

Q15. Write about the capital investment & technology required for gathering?
Ans. Gathering activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at very low level of technology. The yield per person is very low & little or no surplus is produced.

Q16. Name the rearing in northern regions of Alaska
Ans. Reindeer rearing in northern regions of Alaska where most of the Eskimos own about 1/3 of the stock.

Q17. Define Slash and burn agriculture? Or Write another name of shifting agriculture.
Ans. The vegetation is usually cleared by fire and ashes add to the fertility of the soil .Shifting cultivation is also known as slash and burn agriculture. It is Primitive subsistence.

Q18. Write the different names of slash and burn agriculture in tropical regions.
Ans. Jhuming- north- eastern states of India,
Milpa-Central America & Mexico,
Ladang- Indonesia & Malaysia.

Q19. Mention some examples of plantation crops & also places of plantation agriculture?
Ans. Plantation crops – tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, oil palm, sugarcane,bananas& pineapples
Places – cocoa & coffee plantation in West Africa, Brazil
Tea gardens in India & Sri Lanka.
Rubber plantation in Malaysia & sugarcane & banana plantations in West Indies
Coconut & sugarcane plantation in Philippines.

Q20. Name the places where mixed farming is found?
Ans. North –Western Europe, Eastern North America, parts of Eurasia & and the temperate latitudes of Southern continents.

Q21. Name the sources that provide the main income along with crops?
Ans. Animals like sheep, pigs & poultry.

Q22. Which crops associated with mixed farms?
Ans. Wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize fodder & roots crops.

Q23. Name two processes which play an important role in maintaining soil fertility?
Ans. Crop rotation & inter cropping.

Q24. What are the ways through which the duration of storage of various dairy products?
Ans. The development of transportation, refrigeration, pasteurization and other preservation processes.

Q25. Define viticulture?
Ans. The cultivation of grapes is called viticulture.

Q26. Mention one advantage of Mediterranean culture.
Ans. More valuable crops such as fruits and vegetables are grown in winters when there is great demand in European & Northern American markets. It is also known as Grapes crop.

Q27. For which high value crops horticulture is specialized?
Ans. Vegetables, fruits & flowers.

Q28. What is truck farming?
Ans. The regions where farmers specialize in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck farming.

Q29. Mention the places where co-operative movement has been successful?
Ans. European countries like Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Italy etc.

Q30.What is Kolkhoz?
Ans. Kolkhoz was introduced in erstwhile Soviet Union to improve upon the inefficiency of the previous methods of agriculture & to boost agricultural production for self-sufficiency.

Q31. Mention the countries where commercial livestock rearing is practised?
Ans. New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay and United States of America are important countries where commercial livestock rearing is practised.

Q32. How many types of Agriculture?
Ans.1. Subsistence agriculture,
2. Plantation agriculture,
3. Extensive commercial agriculture,
4. Mixed farming,
5. Dairy farming.

Q33. In which country the agriculture of Tulip flower done?
Ans. Netherlands.

Q34. Name the major areas of Extensive commercial grain agriculture?
Ans. 1. Steppes [Eurasia],
2. Prairies [North America],
3. Pampas [Argentina],
4. Welds [South Africa],
5. Downs [Australia],
6. Canterbury [New Zealand].

Q35. What is dairy farming? Describe major areas of commerce dairy farming?
Ans. Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product. North – West Europe, Canada, New Zealand, South East and Australia.

Q36. How many types of subsistence agriculture?
Ans. 1. Primitive subsistence agriculture,
2. Intensive subsistence agriculture.

Q37. How many types of Intensive subsistence agriculture?
Ans. 1. Intensive agriculture with paddy cultivation.
2. Intensive agriculture other than paddy.

Q38. How many types of pastoralism?
Ans. 1. Nomadic herding.
2. Commercial livestock rearing.

Q39. Name the major areas of Mediterranean agriculture?
Ans. Southern California, Around of Mediterranean Sea, Central Chile, South - Western part of Africa and Australia.

Q40. What is the name of plantation of coffee in Brazil?
Ans. Fazenda.

Q41. How many types of methods of Mining?
Ans.1. Surface [Open cast]
2. Underground mining [Shaft method].

class-12-geography-Primary-activities-important-questions

Q42. Name the pastures which migrate from plains to High altitude in India (Himalaya range)?
Ans. Gujjars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Bhotiyas.

Q43. What do you mean by Transhumance?
Ans. The process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during summers and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters is known as Transhumance.

Q44. Market gardening is practised near urban areas. Why?
Ans. Take less time to transfer to consumer, their more demand in urban areas.

Q45. What are the characteristics of Plantation agriculture?
Ans. The characteristic features of this type of farming are large estates or plantations, large capital investment, managerial and technical support, scientific methods of cultivation.

Q45. What are the characteristics of Dairy farming?
Ans. It is highly capital intensive. Animal sheds, storage facilities for fodder, feeding and milking machines add to the cost of dairy farming. Dairy is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals.

Q46. What are the characteristics of Intensive subsistence agriculture?
Ans. 1. Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land.
2. The yield per unit area is high but per labour productivity is low.
3. Crops: Rice, Wheat, Mustard, Jaw.

Q47. What are the types of farming according to farming organization?
Ans. 1.Co-operative farming,
2. Collective farming.

BOOK-01: Fundamentals of Human Geography

Chapter 1. Human Geography Nature and Scope.

Chapter 2. The World Population (Distribution, Density and Growth).

Chapter 3. Population Composition.

Chapter 4. Human Development.

Chapter 5. Primary Activities.

Chapter 6. Secondary Activities.

Chapter 7. Tertiary and Quaternary Activities.

Chapter 8. Transport and Communication.

Chapter 9. International Trade.

Chapter 10. Human Settlements.