4. Human Development (world).

CHAPTER NO. 04

Human Development

Class 12 Geography Book -01
Fundamentals of Human Geography

Very Short Answer type questions. (important Questions)

Q1. What is human development?
Ans. It refers as the process of people’s choices in terms of long and healthy life, education and decent standard of living.

Q2. Name any two pillars of human development.
Ans. Equity & Productivity.

Q3. Which country has highest HDI?
Ans. Norway.

Q4. What is H.D.I?
Ans. The full form of H.D.I is human development index. H.D.I ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas of health, education & access to resources.

Q5. Who introduced the concept of human development first?
Ans. DrMahub-ul-haq & Amartyasen introduce the concept of human development.

Q6. What is the rank of India with reference to HDI?
Ans.134 among 172 countries (2011). INDIA :- 131 among 172 countries (2017).

Q7. Name two approach of human development?
Ans. 1. Income approach,
2. Welfare approach,
3. Basic need,
4. Capabilities.

Q8. What is growth?
Ans. The positive or negative change in the quantity of population over a period of time.
Or Growth is the positive or negative change in quantity and values.

Q9. The term development.
Ans. Development means a quantitative positive change over a period of time.

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Q10. Which country has the lowest HDI?
Ans. Niger.

Q11. Describe the measures to measure HDI? Or explain various indicators of human development?
Ans. 1. Health [Life expectancy at birth]
2. Education [Adult Literacy Rate &Gross Enrolment Ratio]
3. Access to resources. [Purchasing power ($)].

Q12. Who proposed the capability approach?
Ans. Prof. Amartyasen.

Q13. What is the basic need of human development?
Ans. There are six basic need of human development:-
1. Health,
2. Food,
3. Education,
4. Sanitation,
5. Housing,
6. Water Supply.

Q14. When and who organise the first human development Report?
Ans. By UNDP (United nation development programme) in 1990.

Q15. Which country has given the recognition of "Gross National Happiness” country in the world?
Ans. Bhutan.

Q16. Full form of I.LO.
Ans. International labour Organization.

Q17. Discuss one reasons for low human development index.
Ans.1. Political turmoil.
2. Social instability (civil war).
3. Famine.

Q18. Discuss one reasons for high human development index.
Ans.1. Free from political turmoil and instability,
2. Investment more in the Social Sector (education, health care).