1.INDIA-SIZE AND LOCATION
CLASS- IX
CONCEPTS:
Location:-
India lies entirely in the
Northern Hemisphere. India’s mainland extends between 8°4'N and 37°8'N
latitudes, and 68°7'E and 97°25'E longitudes. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N)
divides India into two almost equal parts.
Size: Covering an area of
3.28 million square kilometres, India’s total area is 2.4% of the total
geographical area of the world. India is the world’s seventh largest country
with a land boundary of about 15,200 km, with total length of the coastline
being 7,516.6 km. India’s east-west extent appears to be smaller than the
north-south extent.
India and the World:
The Indian landmass is
centrally located between West and East Asia. India’s protruding Deccan
Peninsula helped India to establish close contacts with West Asia, Africa and
Europe, South-east and East Asia. India’s contacts with the world via land
routes are much more than her maritime contacts. India has contributed a lot to
the world in forms of ideas, philosophies (Upanishads, Ramayana, Panchtantra)
and mathematics (Indian numerals and decimal system). In exchange, India’s
architecture was influenced by Greek sculpture and architectural styles from
West Asia.
India’s Neighbours:
India has an important
position in South Asia and has 28 States and 7 Union Territories. India shares
its boundaries with Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar
and Bhutan. The southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island
countries, namely Maldives and Sri Lanka. India stands apart from the rest of
Asia.
MCQ (1
MARK)
Q.1. Indian Standard Time or I.S.T. is
how many hours ahead or behind of G.M.T. or Universal Time?
(a)
5 hrs 30 min behind G.M.T.
(b) 15 hrs ahead of G.M.T.
(c) 5 hrs 30 min ahead of G.M.T.
(d) None of the above
(b) 15 hrs ahead of G.M.T.
(c) 5 hrs 30 min ahead of G.M.T.
(d) None of the above
Q.2.Which of the following has reduced India’s distance
from Europe by 7000 km?
(a) Suez Canal
(b)
Panama Canal
(c) Indira Gandhi Canal
(d) Buckingham Canal
Q.3. Approximately what is the
latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland of India?
(a)
97°
(b) 68°
(c) 30°
(d) 8°
Q.4. What is India’s size with respect
to other countries of the world?
(a)
First
(b) Third
(c) Fourth
(d) Seventh
Q.5. Which latitude passes through
the southern-most point of India’s mainland?(a)
8°4′N
(b)
37°6′N
(c) 8°4′S
(d) 82°30′E
(c) 8°4′S
(d) 82°30′E
Q.6. Which of the following is the
western-most longitude of India?
(a)
97°25′E
(b)
68°7′E
(c) 68°7′E
(d)
82°32′E
ANSWER OF
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSQ.1 (c) Q.2 (A) Q.3 (C) Q.4 (D) Q.5 (A) Q.6 (A)
SHORT
ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS)
Q.1.Why 82°30′E has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India?Ans. A globe has 24 time zones, each of 15 longitudes. Local time in each zone at the middle longitude (divided by 7°30′) is taken as Standard Time. As 82°30'E is divisible by 7°30', a standard by all countries, India selected this odd value
Q.2. Why is the difference
between the duration of day and night hardly felt at Kanyakumari but not so in
Kashmir?
Ans. (i) Places near the Equator experience almost equal duration of day and night as the Sun shines overhead throughout the year.
Ans. (i) Places near the Equator experience almost equal duration of day and night as the Sun shines overhead throughout the year.
(ii) Going away from Equator towards the Poles, the duration's of day and night go on differing.
Q.3. Find out the number
of Union Territories along the western and eastern coasts.
Ans. Union Territories on the
western coast of India are four in number-Diu and Daman, Dadra and Nagar
Haveli, Mahe (Pondicherry) and Lakshadweep. Union Territories on the eastern
coast of India are two Pondicherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Q.4. Area wise which is
the smallest and which is the largest state?
Ans. Smallest State in India (area wise) — Goa
Largest State in India (area wise) — Rajasthan
Q.5. Find out the States
which do not have an international border or lie on the coast.
Ans. Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand.
Q.6. Classify the
states into four groups each having common frontiers with (i) Pakistan (ii)
China (iii) Myanmar and (iv) Bangladesh.
Ans. (i) States having common frontiers with Pakistan are Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
(ii) States having common frontiers with China are Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
(iii)States having common frontiers with Myanmar are Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram.
(iv) States having common frontiers with Bangladesh are West Bengal, Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura.
Q.7 The sun rises two
hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west but the
watches show the same time. How does this happen?
Ans. The local time difference
arises because the sunrise is earlier in the east than in the west. However,
the watches show the same time because Indian Standard Time is reckoned from a
single meridian 82°30′E. that passes through
Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh.
Q.8.The central location
of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered of great significance.
Why?
Ans. The location of India at
the head of the Indian Ocean has helped India in establishing close contacts
with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and with South-east
and East Asia from the eastern coast.
Q.9. What is the
longitudinal extent of India? State its two implications.
Ans.The mainland of India extends between longitudes 68°7′E and 97°25′E. The east_west extentis 2933 km in length. The longitudinal extension shows that India is located in the Eastern Hemisphere and places can be located with reference to longitudes.
On account of the 30° longitudinal extension (97°25′–68°7′ = 29°18′, approximately 30°) there is a time difference of 2 hours (30°×4 min = 120 mins or 2 hours) in local time between the eastern and western limits of India. However, a standard time (5 hours 30 min ahead of G.M.T.) is adopted according to the local time of the central meridian of the country, 82°30′E.
Q.10. Describe briefly the
geographic location of India in Asia. What is the significance of India’s
geographic location?
Ans. The Indian landmass has a
central location between the East and the West Asia. India is a southward
extension of the Asian Continent. The trans-Indian Ocean routes which connect
the countries of Europe in the west and the countries of East Asia provide a
strategic central location to India. The Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the
Indian Ocean, thus helping India to establish close contact with oil rich
countries of West Asia as well as Africa and Europe from the western coast and
the Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast via sea and ocean routes and air routes.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)
Q.1. Which are the
countries with which India shares land boundaries Write a short note about
India’s position among its neighbours.
Ans. India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan
and Afghanistan in the northwest, China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north
and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east. India stands apart from the rest of
Asia with the Himalayas acting as a natural barrier to the north and northwest
and the Purvanchals in the northeast. Thus, the land boundary of India is
protected by mountain ranges, giving India a safer location with respect to its
neighbours. India occupies the most eminent position within the Indian
subcontinent and has strong geographical and historical links with its
neighbours. India shares strong bilateral relationships with its neighbours
socially, culturally and economically. Social and cultural exchange with our
neighbours has strengthened our position on account of our rich cultural
heritage. Economically, we have good trade relations with our neighbours.
Politically also, we share good relations with most of our neighbours. The
SAARC endeavors to maintain good relations among the neighbouring countries in
South Asia.
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Q.2. Write a note on the
location and size of India.
Ans. India is a vast country. It is located in South Asia. From south to north India’s mainland extends between 8°4′N and 37°6′N latitudes. It is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30′N) passes roughly through the middle of the country. From west to east India extends between 68°7′E and 97°25′E longitudes. It is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. To the southeast of India’s mainland lie the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and to the southwest lie the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea. The landmass of India covers an area of 3.28 million square km. From the point of view of size it is the seventh largest country of the world. It accounts for 2.4 per cent of the total geographical area of the world. It has an east-west extent of 2933 km from Arunachal Pradesh to Kachchh in Gujarat and a north-south extent of 3214 km from Kashmir to Kanyakumari. India’s land boundary extends for about 15,200 km. It has a long coastline of 7516.6 km including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. With a population of over 1000 million, India is the second most populous country of the world after China. The lofty ranges of the Himalayas and other mountains form a natural geographical boundary in the northwest, north and northeast. The southern part of the country is in form of a peninsula, tapering towards the Indian Ocean in the south. It is bounded by Arabian Sea in the southwest and Bay of Bengal in the southeast.
Ans. India is a vast country. It is located in South Asia. From south to north India’s mainland extends between 8°4′N and 37°6′N latitudes. It is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30′N) passes roughly through the middle of the country. From west to east India extends between 68°7′E and 97°25′E longitudes. It is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. To the southeast of India’s mainland lie the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and to the southwest lie the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea. The landmass of India covers an area of 3.28 million square km. From the point of view of size it is the seventh largest country of the world. It accounts for 2.4 per cent of the total geographical area of the world. It has an east-west extent of 2933 km from Arunachal Pradesh to Kachchh in Gujarat and a north-south extent of 3214 km from Kashmir to Kanyakumari. India’s land boundary extends for about 15,200 km. It has a long coastline of 7516.6 km including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. With a population of over 1000 million, India is the second most populous country of the world after China. The lofty ranges of the Himalayas and other mountains form a natural geographical boundary in the northwest, north and northeast. The southern part of the country is in form of a peninsula, tapering towards the Indian Ocean in the south. It is bounded by Arabian Sea in the southwest and Bay of Bengal in the southeast.
Q.3. Write a note on the
Indian Standard Time? Why is there a time difference of almost 2 hours from
Arunachal Pradesh to Gujarat?
Ans. On account of the vast longitudinal extent of India there is a time lag of two hours in local time between its western and eastern limits. Hence, for the sake of convenience a standard time is adopted for the entire country. The central meridian of the country, 82°30′E longitude, has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India. It passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh. The local time along this meridian is taken as the standard time of India, which is 82°30′ × 4 min = 330 minutes or 5 hr. 30 min ahead of G.M.T. Because India is located to the east of Greenwich Meridian, the time is ahead of G.M.T. or Universal Time. India has a longitudinal extent of more than 29°, with the 68°7′E longitude bounding its western limit in Kachchh in Gujarat and 97°25′E bounding its eastern limit in Arunachal Pradesh (97°25′ – 68°7′ = 29°18′).For each 1° longitude there is a time difference of 4 minutes. For 29° longitudes there will be a time difference of 4 × 29° = 116 minutes or 1 hr. 56 minutes, approximately 2 hours. Hence, there is a time difference of almost two hours in the local time of Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat with the sun rising almost two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh compared to Gujarat.
Ans. On account of the vast longitudinal extent of India there is a time lag of two hours in local time between its western and eastern limits. Hence, for the sake of convenience a standard time is adopted for the entire country. The central meridian of the country, 82°30′E longitude, has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India. It passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh. The local time along this meridian is taken as the standard time of India, which is 82°30′ × 4 min = 330 minutes or 5 hr. 30 min ahead of G.M.T. Because India is located to the east of Greenwich Meridian, the time is ahead of G.M.T. or Universal Time. India has a longitudinal extent of more than 29°, with the 68°7′E longitude bounding its western limit in Kachchh in Gujarat and 97°25′E bounding its eastern limit in Arunachal Pradesh (97°25′ – 68°7′ = 29°18′).For each 1° longitude there is a time difference of 4 minutes. For 29° longitudes there will be a time difference of 4 × 29° = 116 minutes or 1 hr. 56 minutes, approximately 2 hours. Hence, there is a time difference of almost two hours in the local time of Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat with the sun rising almost two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh compared to Gujarat.
Q.4. How many states form
the Union of India? Write a note on the smallest and the largest Indian states.
Ans. For administrative
convenience, our vast country has been divided into political units – the
states and the Union Territories. The administrative divisions have been made
mainly on the basis of language. At present India is a union of 28 states and 9
Union Territories including the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Delhi is
the national capital of India. From the point of view of size, Rajasthan is the
largest states while Goa is the smallest state. Rajasthan, the largest state,
has an area of about 342 thousand sq. km. It lies to the west of India. It
shares its boundary with our neighbouring country of Pakistan in the west. In
its east lie the states of Uttar Pradesh and parts of Madhya Pradesh. To its
north lie Punjab and Haryana. Gujarat and parts of Madhya Pradesh lie to its
south. The Thar Desert or the Indian Desert is located in Rajasthan. Jaipur is
the capital of Rajasthan. Goa, the smallest states of India, has an area of
only 3,702 sq. km. (appr.3.7 thousand sq. km.). The Arabian Sea lies to the
west of Goa. To its north lies Maharashtra and to its east and south lies
Karnataka. Panaji is the capital of Goa.
Q.5. What are the two
groups of Indian islands? Write a note on each, describing its geographic
position with relation to India.
Ans. The Lakshadweep Islands
lie in the Arabian Sea to the southwest of India’s mainland, close to the
Malabar Coast of Kerala. The Andaman and Nicobars
are formed of the Great Andamans and the Little Andamans in the north and
Nicobar Islands in the south. They are groups of numerous big and small
islands. The southernmost point of the Indian Union is located in one of these
Islands. These islands are of great strategic importance to India. They lie
close to the equator and have equatorial climate. They lie along the
trans-Indian Ocean route and close to the south and Southeast Asia. Port Blair
is the official headquarters of Andaman and Nicobar. The Lakshadweep Islands
are a group of small coral islands lying close to the southern section of the
west coast of India. In 1973 the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands were
renamed as Lakshadweep. It covers a small area of 32 sq. km. Kavaratti Island
is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep. Both the group of islands
are rich in flora and fauna and natural beauty, enhancing India’s geographical
entity.
MAP WORK (4 MARKS)
Q.1 In the following outline map of India, label the following:(a) The Tropic of Cancer
(b) The Standard Meridian of India
(c) The Lakshadweep Islands
(d) The Palk Strait
Q.2 In the following outline map of India, label the following:
(a) Nepal
(b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(c) Sikkim
(d) Tripura
Q.3 Label the following in the outline map of India.
(a) Goa
(b) Assam
(c) Kerala
(d) Manipur
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