2.NATIONALISM IN INDIA
Brief Concepts of the Lesson:- Nationalism
in India developed in the colonial context. Mahatma Gandhi arrived in India
from Africa in 1915. Under his leadership several mass movements were
organized.
A. The first world war, Khilafat and Non Cooperation:-
1. War and its effects- Huge increase in
defenses expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
Through the years the prices increased doubling between 1913- 1918 leading to
extreme hardship for the common people.
2. Gandhiji and Satyagraha- Champaran
in Bihar (1917) Kheda in Gujarat (1918). In 1919 nationwide Satyagraha against
the proposed Rowlett Act was launched by Gandhi. 13th April and Jallianwalla Bagh massacre world war-I and Khilafat issued, At
the Congress session Nagpur in Dec.1920, a compromise was worked out and Non
cooperation programme was adopted. Movements in towns, Rebellion in country
side.
B. Towards civil Disobedience-
1. Swaraj
Party was founded by CR Das and Moti Lal Nehru for return to council Politics.
2. Simon commission
and boycott
3. Lahore congress and
demand for purna swaraj
C. Dandi march and the civil Disobedience movements-
1. Governments repressive
policy
2. Gandhi Irwin Pact and failure of
round table conference.
3. Re-launching of movements.
D. Who participated in the movements - the rich peasant communities the poor peasantry the
industrial workers in Nagpur and a large scale participation of women took
active part in the movement.
E. Limits of the movements less participation by
untouchables - Ambedker for separate
electorate and Poona pact.
F. The sense of
collective belonging- this sense of collective
belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles role of
folklore and songs. 2. Identity of India
and Bharat Mata.
MCQ ( 1 Marks)
Q.1 Which of the following in true with reference of
Satyagraha?
a) It emphasized the muscle power
b) It
emphasized the Power of truth
c) Gandhiji successfully fought the racist
regime of South Africa with the novel method.
a) Only A is true
b) Only B is true
c) Both A and B are true
d) Both B and C are true
Q.2 At which place congress session of September
1920 held.
a) Nagpur
b) Calcutta
C) Lahore
d) Madras
Q.3 Who was the leader of the Peasant Movements of
Awadh?
a) Alluri sitaram Raju
b) Baba
Ramchandra
c) Mahatma Gandhi
d) None of the above
Q.4 Under which act the Plantations workers of Assam
were not permitted to leave the tea garden?
a) The Rowlatt Act
b) Cripps Mission
c) The Inland Migration act
d) The Inland
Emigration act
Q.5 Name the leaders who founded Swaraj Party?
a) Cr Das and
Motilal Nehru
b) Cr Das and Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Cr Das and Gandhiji
d) Cr Das and Dr B.R Ambedkar
Q.6 At which of the following place did Gandhiji
make salt out of sea water
a) Ahmedabad
b) Wardha
c) Sabarmati
d) Dandi
Q.7 Who wrote 'Hind Swaraj?
a) Subhas Chandra Bose
b) Jawaharlal Lal Nehru
c) Mahatma
Gandhi
d) Sardar Patel
Q.8 Which incident forced Gandhiji to halt the Non –
cooperation movement?
A) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) The Rowlett act
c) Chauri Chaura
d) Arrest of Alluri Sitaram Rammaya
Q.9 Who among the following led the civil
disobedience movement in Peshawar?
a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
b) Mohamad Ali
c) Khan Abdul
Gaffar Khan
d) None of the above
Q.10 Who first created the image of Bharatmata?
a) Abanindranath Tagore
b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
c) Rabindra nath Tagore
d) None of the above
Q.11.
Which of the following method was not adopted by Dr B.R. Ambedkar to uplift the
Dalits?
a) He signed Poona pact
b) He called them Harijans
c) He demanded separate electorates for
them
d) He organized them into depressed classes
association in 1930
Short Answer questions
Q.1. What were the effects of non cooperation on the
economic front?
Ans. Foreign goods were boycotted, Liquor shops picketed and
foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfire many traders refused to import foreign
cloth the import of foreign cloth reached to half.
Q.2. What were the causes for the gradual slowing
down of the Non- co operation movement in the cities?
Ans. 1. Khadi was more expensive than the mill produced cloth and
the poor could not afford it.
2. British
institutions were boycotted but the process of establishing Indian institutions
was slow so the students and
teachers started joining the British institution again.
Q.3 Describe the main
events leading to civil disobedience.
Ans. 1. worldwide economic depression
2. Simon commission
was constituted in 1929 and no Indian member was appointed.
3. Lord Irwin announced that Dominion State would be
granted to India.
4. At the Lahore
congress session resolution for purna swaraj was passed.
Q.4 What did freedom mean to Plantation workers in
Assam?
Ans. 1. Right to move
freely in and out of their enclosures.
2. Retaining link
with their villages
3. They were not
allowed to leave the tea garden without permission which they wanted.
Q.5 what was the role of women in the civil
Disobedience movement?
Ans. 1. Participated is the
salt Satyagraha in large number.
2. They participated
in protest marches and also manufactured salt.
3. Many
women went to jails
4. In rural areas the women considered service to
the nation a sacred duty.
Q.6 Explain the problems faced in unifying people.
Ans. All credits of glorious past were attributed to the
Aryans and their contributions therefore it became difficult to bring all
communities on a single platform.
Q.7 Why and how is the identity of a nation
symbolized in a Figure?
Ans. 1.It helps create an image with which
people can identify the nation.
2. With the growth of
nationalism identify of India came to be associated with the image of Bharat
Mata.
Long answer questions
Q.1 What was the outcome of the Poona pact? How did
it benefit the dalits?
Ans. The Poona pact of
sept. 1932 gave the depressed classes reserved seat in provincial and central
legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.
Q.2 Explain the differences that emerged the
congress and the Muslim league on Political issues.
Ans. The important
differences were over the question of representation in the future
assemblies that were to be elected
Muhammad Ali Jinnah of the Muslim league was willing to give up that demand for
separate electorates if Muslim were given reserved seats in the central
assembly and representation in proportion to population in the Muslim dominated provinces.
Q.3
How did Mahatma Gandhi organize Satyagraha in various places in India?
Ans. 1.In 1917
he traveled in champaran ran, Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against
oppressive plantation system.
2. In 1919 he
organized Satyagraha to support peasants of Kheda in Gujarat.
3. In 1918 he went to
Ahmedabad to organize this movement amongst cotton mill workers.
4. In 1919 he launched
Satyagraha against Rowlatt act.
Q.4 Explain the factors responsible for the growth
of nationalism in the later half of the 19th century.
Ans. 1. Economic
exploitation
2. Administrative and
economic unification of the country.
3. Western
education'
4. Development of
Press.
Extra questions
Q.1 What do
you know about peasants movement in Awash? Explain
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