3. The Making of a global world

3. The Making of a global world

Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3.The Making of a global world.

Brief Concepts: - Trade is the activity of buying selling or exchanging goods or services between people firms or countries.

Indentured labour-A bonded labourer under contract to work for an employer for a specific amount to work for an employer for a specific amount of time to pay off his passage to a new country or home.

Tariff- Tax imposed on a country’s imports from the rest of the world. Tariff are levied at the point of entry i.e. the border or the airport.
Corn Laws-The laws allowing the British Govt. to restrict the import of corn were popularly known as the Corn Laws.
Assembly line production- The assembly line is a manufacturing process in sequential manner to add to a product in sequential manner to create a finished product.

M.C.Q

Q.1 What was the Bretton wood system?
 (a) Post war the military system
 (b) Post war political system
 (c) Post war international economic system
 (d)  None of these
Q.2.What did indentured labour mean?
(a) Cheap Labour
(b) Free Labour   
(c) Bonded Labour                
(d) None of these

Q.3.What were ‘Canal Colonies’?
(a)  Large Colonies
(b)  Sea Ports      
(c) Large Canals
(d)  Irrigated areas
Q.4.Which food traveled west from china to be called “Spaghetti’?
(a) Soya
(b) Groundnuts
(c) Potato                                
(d) Noodles
Q.5.Which disease spread like wild fire in Africa in the 1890’s?
(a) Cattle plague          
(b) Small pox
(c) Pneumonia
(d) None of these
Q.6.Which was the Tabled city of gold?
(a) Peru                                   
(b) Mexico
(c) El Doeodo
(d) Spain
Q.7.Who adopted the concept of assembly line to produce automobiles?
(a) Samuel Morse
(b) Henry Ford
(c)T. Cuppla        
(d) Imam Husain
Q.8.The Descendants of indentures workers is a Noble Prize winning writer is-
(a) Bob Morley
(b) V. S. Naipaul
(c) Amartya Sen            
(d) Ram Naresh Sarwan
Q.9. The great Depression begin in
(a) 1927
(b) 1928
(c) 1929     
(d) 1930
Q.10.The Chutney music popular in-
(a) North America
(b) South America
(c) Japan
(d) China
Q.11.Rinderpest is a?
(a) Cattle disease in Africa
(b) Cattle disease in China
(c) Cattle disease in India
(d) Cattle disease in Russia
Q.12. Which of the following is not a economic exchange?
(a) Flow of Labour
(b) Flow of Capital
(c) Flow of Knowledge
(d) Flow of Trade

Short Answer Questions

Q.1.What was the importance of the Indian trade for the British?
Ans.1. Trade Surplus – Britain had a Trade Surplus with Indian. Britain used this Surplus to balance its trade deficit with other countries.
2. Home Charges – Britain’s trade Surplus in India also helped to pay the so called home charges that included private remittance home by British officials and traders, interest payments on India’s external debt and pensions of British officials in India.
3. Major Supplier of cotton – India remained a major supplier of raw cotton to British which was required to feed the cotton textile industry of Britain.
4. Supplier if indenture workers – Many indenture workers from Bihar, U.P., central India migrated to other countries to work in mines and plantations.

Q.2. How Bretton Woods System Worked?
 Ans.1. the international monetary system is the system linking national currencies and monetary system.
2. The Briton woods system was based on fixed exchange rates. In this system the national currencies were pegged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate.
3. The Bretton woods system inaugurated an era of unprecedented growth of trade and incomes for the western industrial nations.
Q.3.What were the effects of the British Government’s decision to abolish the corn laws?     
Ans.1.Food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it would be produced within the country.
2. British agriculture was unable to compete with imports. Vast Areas of land were left uncultivated and people started migrating to cities or other countries.
3. As food prices fell, consumption in Britain rose. Faster industrial growth in Britain also led to higher incomes and therefore more food imports.
4. Around the world in Eastern Europe, Russia, America and Australia land were cleared and food production expanded to meet the British demand.

Q.4.What were the advantages of invention of refrigerated ship?
Ans.1. This reduced the shipping costs and lowered meat prices in Europe.
2. The poor in Europe could now consume a more varied diet.
3. To the earlier, monotony of Bread and Potatoes many, not all could add meat, butter or egg.
4. Better living conditions promoted social peace within the country and support for imperialism abroad.

Long Answers Type Questions

Q.1.Explain the impacts of the First World War?
Ans.1. It was the first modern industrial was which involved industrial nations.
2. Machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons etc are used on a massive scale.
3. Unthinkable death and destruction.
4. Most of the people killed and injured were man of working age.
5. Declined the household income.
6. Men were forced to join in the war.
7. Women slapped into undertake jobs which they were not used to.

Q.2. What were the effects of the great Depression on the Indian economy?
Ans. 1. The economy depression immediately affected Indian Trade, as India’s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934.
2. Agriculture prices fell sharply, but the colonial government refused to reduce revenues. Peasants producing for the world markets were worst hit.
3. Raw jute was produced, processed in the industries to make gunny bags. Its exports collapsed and prices fell by 60% peasants of Bengal fell into debt traps.
4. Peasants used up their savings mortgaged lands and sold their precious jewelry to meet their expanses.
Q.3. 19th century indenture has been described as a ‘New system of slavery’. Explain.
Ans. In the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of Indians and Chinese laborers went to work on plantations in mines and in mines and in road and railways construction projects around the world.
1. In India, indentures laborers were hired under contracts which promises return travel to India after they had worked for five years on plantations.
2. Gradually in India cottage industries declined, land rents rose, land were cleared for mines and plantations. All this affected the lines of the poor. They failed to pay their rents become indebted, and were forced to migrate in search of work.
3. The main destinations of Indian indentured migrants were the Caribbean islands, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, Mauritius, Fiji and Ceylon and Malaya.
4. Recruitment was done by agent engaged by employers and paid small commission.

 Q.4. “One important feature of the US economy in the 1920’s was mass production.” Explain.
Ans.1. A well known pioneer of mass production was the car manufacturer, ‘Henry Ford’.
2. He adopted an assembly line technique of a slaughter house.
3. He realized that the ‘Assembly line’ method would allow a faster and cheaper way of producing vehicles.
4. This method forced workers to repeat a single task mechanically and continuously
5. This was a way of increasing output per worker by speeding up the pace of work.
6. This doubling go daily wages was considered ‘best cost – cutting decision’ he had ever made.