2. From Trade to Territory
NCERT SOLUTION
FOR CLASS 8 SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY
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Diwani
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right to collect land
revenue
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“Tiger of Mysore”
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Tipu Sultan
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Faujdari adalat
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criminal court
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Rani Channamma
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led an anti-British
movement in Kitoor
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sipahi
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Sepoy
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Q.2. Fill in the blanks:
Ans. (a) Plassey (b) Mysore (c) Lapse (d) Western
Ans. (a) False (b) False (c) True (d) False
Q.5. What were the areas
of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company?
Ans. (a) The Bengal nawabs asserted their power and autonomy and
refused to grant the Company concessions,
(b) They demanded large tributes for the Company’s right to trade,
(c) They denied the Company any right to mint coins,
(d) They stopped the Company from extending its fortifications
(e) Accusing the Company of deceit, they claimed that the Company was depriving
the Bengal government of huge amounts of revenue and undermining the authority
of the nawab. It was refusing to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters, and
trying to humiliate the nawab and his officials.
These were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India
Company
Q.6. How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India
Company?
Ans. The Mughal emperor, in 1765, appointed the
Company %s the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal. The Diwani allowed the Company
to exploit the vast revenue resources of Bengal. This solved a major problem
that the company had earlier faced. Although its trade had expanded, it had to
buy most of the goods in India with gold and silver imported from Britain. The overflow
of gold from Britain stopped after the assumption of Diwani. Now revenue from
India could finance Company expenses. These revenues they used to purchase
cotton and silk textiles in India, maintain Company troops and meet the cost of
building the Company fort and offices at Calcutta.
Q.7. Explain the system of
‘subsidiary alliance’.
Ans. Under the system of ‘subsidiary alliance’,
Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces. They
were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’
that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection.
If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, the part of their territory
was taken away as penalty. The states which had to lose their territories on
this ground were Awadh and Hyderabad.
Q.8. In what way was the administration of the Company
different from that of Indian rulers?
Ans. The administration of the Company was
different from that of the Indian rulers in the following ways:
(a) The Company divided its admini¬strative units called Presidencies. There
were three Presidencies— Bengal, Madras and Bombay. In India, districts were
the main administrative units.
(b) Each presidency was ruled by a Governor. Districts were ruled by the
Collectors.
(c) The supreme head of the administration of the Company was the
Governor-General. But in India, the head of the administration was the king. .
(d) The main job of the Governor-General was to introduce administrative
reforms while the main job of the Collector was to collect revenue and taxes-
and maintain law and order in his district.
Q.9. Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of
the Company’s army.
Ans. Several changes occurred in the composition of
the Company’s army:
(c) The soldiers of the Company’s army had to keep pace with changing military requirements and its infantry regiments now became more important.
(d) In the early 19th century the British began to develop a uniform military culture. Soldiers were increasingly subjected to European style training, drill and discipline that regulated Their life for more than before.
EXTRA QUESTIONS
Q.1. Who was the ruler of
England in 1600?
Q.2. Why did the Battle of
Plassey become famous?
Q.3. Who was called ‘nabobs’?
Q.4 .Name the Kingdoms which were annexed on the basis of
‘Doctrine of Lapse’.
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